Education

Charters Exclude the Most Challenging Students, part 2

Published March 17, 2009 @ 02:00PM PT

By Sharon Higgins and Caroline Grannan, public school parents

(Part One here)

Charter advocates’ usual response to this explanation is to deny that there is such a thing as families that are less motivated and stable. They claim that "all parents care enough." All we can say is that those people need to get out more.

And what about the question of whether charter schools actively pick and choose their students? Charter schools are supposed to admit everyone and choose by lottery if they have more applications than seats. However, does anyone believe that there are regulators somehow watching over the entire enrollment process, from receipt of the applications to the implementation of a lottery, if any?

If a charter school chooses to conduct itself this way, it is free as a bird to "not have space" for applicants who appear undesirable for whatever reason. It's amply documented that charter schools all over the country, overall, dramatically underserve special education students, for example.

Charter advocates will counter that traditional public schools can manage to not enroll or to "counsel out" a challenging student too. Sure, but that student is still the responsibility of the public school district, and will land in another school run by a colleague of the administrator who managed to deny/remove the student. If a charter school contrives to not enroll or get rid of a challenging student, it never has to set eyes on or give a thought to that student again.

San Francisco’s most successful charter school, a high school, requires a 9-page enrollment application -- including transcripts; teacher recommendations; an essay; and signed commitments to behavior, academic effort, volunteering and so forth by the student and parent. Then the administrators claim to put all the applicants in a "blind lottery." It strikes us as exceptionally naive to believe those applicants aren't being screened.

But even parents who give the school the benefit of the doubt in trusting that it runs a “blind lottery” agree that the application process serves to weed out those who are not highly motivated.

An interesting book, “Hard Lessons” by Jonathan Schorr, a former journalist who has since gone to work in the  charter-school world, follows the founding and first year of an Oakland, Calif., charter school, the Ernestine C. Reems Academy of Technology and Arts. The book is pro-charter in tone, but it still portrays the school deliberately rejecting special-education students.

And yet, despite the advantages of serving a student population that is predisposed to be higher-functioning, charter schools overall do not show higher achievement than traditional public schools. So why do they win such acclaim, including from the Oval Office? It’s a mystery that we’ll explore in later posts.

Photo by Thomas Hawk

Sharon Higgins has been an active public school parent in Oakland, California, since 1993, and blogs at The Perimeter Primate. Caroline Grannan was an editor at the San Jose Mercury News for 12 years, and is now the education writer for the SF Examiner. She is a San Francisco public school parent, advocate, and volunteer and has followed education politics locally and nationwide.

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Comments (12)

  1. Chaula Gupta

    From the post:
    "Sure, but that student is still the responsibility of the public school district, and will land in another school run by a colleague of the administrator who managed to deny/remove the student."

    That doesn't mean that the student will receive a good, appropriate education, right? More likely, s/he will be counselled out to another school and spend time moving between schools. Yes, the public school administrators are "colleagues" but they aren't actually working together to ensure a fair education for the challenged student so I don't understand how that exempts them from the blame you assign to charter school administrators.

    The views in this series strike me as similar to what many detractors of micro-finance have said - that it doesn't help the poorest of the poor... it is only useful for those who are willing to put in sweat equity to start and run a small business. Well, of course it is. You can't expect to create miracles for someone if they are not committed to doing it for themselves. If we want to make sure that everyone benefits the same regardless of effort, then we could just switch to socialism.

    Similarly, parents and students who make an effort to get the best education they can will benefit most - from charter *and* traditional public schools. The big difference between most charter and traditional public schools is that the former tries to set higher expectations by insisting upon signed agreements. And in fact, many traditional public schools also try to do this - sometimes across the school and sometimes by just individual teachers. But if parents want to set higher expectations for their kids and are willing to put in the effort to find and apply to charter schools, then decrying this saying it "upsets" the class composition in a traditional public school is ridiculous.

    Posted by Chaula Gupta on 03/20/2009 @ 10:16AM PT

  2. Reply to thread
  3. Caroline Grannan

    Just my opinion, but I don't think it's "ridiculous" to raise questions about a "reform" that helps some kids but harms the most challenged and vulnerable, by harming the traditional public schools that accept them. Micro-finance presumably doesn't HARM the poorest of the poor.

    Posted by Caroline Grannan on 03/20/2009 @ 05:15PM PT

  4. Michele Rodriguez

    I'm not sure if I'm correct on this so please correct me if I'm wrong, but don't charter schools allow for more flexability overall?  Aren't their teachers employed at will rather than part of a teacher's union which can allow these schools to demand more from teachers and as a side effect of this provide more from their students?--it can also allow teachers to be paid based upon different ideals.  Aren't their models for education more varied and flexible?  So in theory, isn't it possible for a charter school to implement a plan that would target low income, high risk teens if they wanted to?

    I think we should look at successful charter schools and find out why they work and then re-model public education from there.  Instead of criticizing we should be looking at the models that do work and looking at models in public schools that work (specifically working for high risk and lower income youth) and come up a better system overall and then implement it.  I think a large part of the problem is a lack of solid data that can show us proof that one model works over another and a lack of flexibility in the current public school system.

    Posted by Michele Rodriguez on 03/21/2009 @ 07:16PM PT

  5. Meredith Donahue

    "Aren't their teachers employed at will rather than part of a teacher's union which can allow these schools to demand more from teachers and as a side effect of this provide more from their students?"


    You obviously aren't a teacher.  The teacher's union protects and assures rights to those of us willing to do a dangerous job for low pay, such as working in low-income neighborhoods where people are literally being shot right outside the schoolyard.  Otherwise an administrator who knows NOTHING about music could fire a music teacher because they didn't like him.  Same with an art or phys. ed. or library teacher.  Any teacher of a subject without a specific and exact curriculum would be vulnerable to job termination at the whim of administrators that are often ignorant of the subject being taught. (How many principals can play the clarinet or make a sculpture or run in a marathon or memorize the Dewey decimal system?)  We need teacher's unions to protect our jobs.  And if they want better job performance, maybe they should get out of our way and let us do our jobs.  And stop blaming us if a child isn't taught to behave at home; I am not my students' mother.  (A raise wouldn't hurt either.)

    Posted by Meredith Donahue on 03/22/2009 @ 11:54AM PT

  6. Michele Rodriguez

    I'm not a teacher but if what you are saying is true then how come a teacher that is hired from a charter school in the same low income area does not need a union for protection?  How does the teacher's union protect you from getting shot while in what you described as a "dangerous" neighborhood?

    By the way, I am all for higher pay for good teachers.  I think it is a no brainer.  Teaching our children is one of the most important jobs a person can have.  I do not believe bad teachers should be able to hide behind tenure or remain hired based upon contractual agreements when their performance is not up to par.

    Posted by Michele Rodriguez on 03/22/2009 @ 05:42PM PT

  7. Meredith Donahue

    "how come a teacher that is hired from a charter school in the same low income area does not need a union for protection?"

    A charter school teacher should have a union for protection.  I never once implied that they shouldn't.  And there are abuses of power by administrators all the time, which I'm sure happens in charter schools, too.  Those teachers should have a union to protect them from harrassment or from being fired without just cause, etc.


    "How does the teacher's union protect you from getting shot while in what you described as a "dangerous" neighborhood?"

    It doesn't.  Hopefully the school police and lockdown drills will protect the staff and students in these instances.  Besides, I never said the neighborhood was dangerous, I said the JOB was dangerous.  And when teachers are being attacked by students in the hallways, sometimes they get seriously injured (for instance one teacher had his neck broken, one had his nose smashed in, one had her arm shoved through a glass pane in the door, etc.)  And the teachers union helps make sure that the injured staff member is compensated and has their medical bills paid.  The union is your first line of defense against abuses of power by administrators and by insurance companies.

    "I do not believe bad teachers should be able to hide behind tenure or remain hired based upon contractual agreements when their performance is not up to par."

    Neither do I.  I am appalled at the way some of my co-workerd act.  Hoewver, there are ways to fire incompetant teachers.  They can be written up, and if it happens often enough, fired.  Tenure doesn't protect  teachers who break contract in any way.  So who gets to decide if a teacher is "up to par?"  How do we factor in elements such as overcrowding in classrooms, the number of ESL or special needs students, etc.?  It would most likely fall to an administrator to decide that, which brings me back to my original point.  Without unions and tenure, people could be fired because their principal simply doesn't like them, and we can't let that happen.

    Posted by Meredith Donahue on 03/23/2009 @ 01:41PM PT

  8. Reply to thread
  9. Caroline Grannan

    @Michelle, it's amply documented that charter schools don't "work" any better than traditional public schools overall. So of course we can look at those that DO work and try to figure out what can be learned, just as we can with traditional public schools that "work."

    But with those charters that are successful, one big problem is determining the impact of the fact that they self-select, or cream, for higher-functioning, motivated families. That's the point of our original post.

    Posted by Caroline Grannan on 03/22/2009 @ 12:04PM PT

  10. Michele Rodriguez

    @Caroline, What I was trying to say in my original post is that there is an overall flexibility that charter schools have by default that allows them to change their policies to better accommodate the needs of children, families, teachers, administrators, and the community which public schools lack.  Where is the data backing up that charter schools are selective?  There are a few great possibilities listed but no actual data or studies to back up this idea that charter schools exclude challenging students from lower motivated families.  Charter schools are public schools and they are not allowed to exclude or discriminate as public schools are not allowed to exclude or discriminate. 

    Another point, does anyone really think public schools do not try to create systems that will affect the overall rating of a school or allow the school to receive more funding?  What about systematically classifying students that could easily be mainstreamed in order to get higher funding and change the performance scale entirely?

    In the blog Part 1 of this series there was a link to another blog where the writer was talking about how teacher's unions are not allowed in charter schools but this is not the case in most states and even in states where it is the case the teachers can form organizations.

    http://www.buckeyeinstitute.org/article/824

    Ironically, teachers in charter school are less likely to want to join the teacher's union as you'll find in the article posted above.

    Charter schools are held to the same non-discriminatory policies as public schools and they can and should recruit children from all different backgrounds including high risk for school drop out.  Regardless, they can easily change this self-selection process as overall their model is more flexible and that was my point to begin with.

    Charter schools are not the enemy; public schools are not the enemy.  Being unwilling to look at the good and bad of both and at the entire system including administration/parents/community/teachers is what promotes inequality in education.  By looking at the highest rated nonprofits programs in education we could learn A LOT because they have to prove that what they're doing works and we should look closely at what works and doesn't work from all these different resources and then vehemently go after change.

    Posted by Michele Rodriguez on 03/22/2009 @ 06:16PM PT

  11. Meredith Donahue

    "does anyone really think public schools do not try to create systems that will affect the overall rating of a school or allow the school to receive more funding?"

    Sweetie, when your school has textbooks from the 1980's and 35 kids in a class, when the windows can't shut so the kids all have to wear parkas, when there aren't enough chairs or desks for every student, don't you think we could use more money?  Is it so wrong to try to lobby to get our students the supplies they need, or hire enough teachers to give the kids the personal attention they need?  When you say "create systems" you must mean "teaching to the test" because test scores are what help your schools "overall rating."


    "What about systematically classifying students that could easily be mainstreamed in order to get higher funding and change the performance scale entirely?"

    I'm not so sure they can or should be mainstreamed.  When kids grow up in a violent household or an alcohol- or drug-using family, or when their parents don't want them or take care of them (eg. calling their child an a-hole in the main office of the school) they are often traumatized.  And many are so exhausted from cleaning the house and taking care of younger siblings that they don't have the time or energy to do their homework.  Also, with all of the uneducated young mothers who use drugs and don't get adequate prenatal care, there is often a high population of special needs students.  They can't function well in the regular classroom (with 35 kids, not enough desks or books); they need to be in special education.  Sometimes permanently, sometimes just till they catch up.  But from what I've experienced, in poor areas where medical care isn't readily available, there are more kids going un-diagnosed and ignored than there are kids being diagnosed unnecessarily.

    I don't have scientific data to back that up, just anecdotal evidence.  Does anyone know of a study done on the subject?

    Posted by Meredith Donahue on 03/23/2009 @ 02:08PM PT

  12. Michele Rodriguez

    Meredith, sorry, I almost missed this.  I think we are all coming here with different stories based on our experiences.  Perhaps the experiences and realities are as different as the communities creating them and so are the solutions.

    I don't think it is wrong for schools to try to get as much funds as needed for their students, not at all.  I was making that comment only in relation to the blog's content. I do think there are better ways to get funding than to try to play the system though.  When I say "create systems" I mean any process created that undermines the ability for all children to receive quality education at the sake of the school wanting funding just to continue.

    When we talk about mainstreaming there are varying degrees.  You are talking about an entirely different student population.

    I can tell you that the organization I volunteer for is working on coming up with a solution to our state's "Abbott Districts" where students, even after receiving billions in parity aid since 1981, are still failing to meet NJ state requirements.  Money has been thrown at this issue right and left and yet students in the state's poorest districts can't compete.  After doing a lot of research I can tell you that money alone will fix nothing.  The one school district that is beginning to meet the state's requirements has a fairly new principal who focuses on including the community, motivating the children, implementing service learning, and recruiting and keeping teachers that care about all their students and expect the same from them.

     

    I don't believe the outrage should be focused on charter schools or the debate should be charter school vs. public school.  I think we should be working, remodeling, and advocating change for any school that doesn't provide a great place for education regardless and any system that does the same.

    Posted by Michele Rodriguez on 03/24/2009 @ 05:54PM PT

  13. Reply to thread
  14. Sharon Higgins

    This article by me and Caroline has incited so many comments from readers. Is is breaking records for Change.org, Clay?

    What is it about pro-charters vs. con-charters that stirs up so much passion? Can a compromise be made?

    This will be my last response, for I am deeply grieving the loss in one afternoon of four police officers in my City of Oakland. I just don't have anymore energy to respond to this thread.

    Please everyone, read the "Code of the Street" and try to understand.

    Posted by Sharon Higgins on 03/22/2009 @ 06:28PM PT

  15. Michele Rodriguez

    I think a great compromise will lead to great schools as we are all on the same side which is the side of our children.  I look forward to reading "Code of the Street" and just ordered it from Amazon.

    I'm so sorry for your loss and the loss of your city.

    Posted by Michele Rodriguez on 03/22/2009 @ 07:50PM PT

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Author
Sharon Higgins

Sharon Higgins has been an active public school parent in Oakland, California, since 1993. For seven eye-opening years she was employed as a parent coordinator at her local (labeled by some as "failing") public middle school. Today she spends time researching, reading, thinking and writing about certain school and social issues. She posts the product of those efforts on a blog called "The Perimeter Primate."

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